Private mortgage insurance, also known as PMI, protects the lender in case the borrower defaults on their loan. Borrowers tend to try to avoid PMI because it is expensive, and it does not benefit the borrower who pays for it. On the other hand, some borrowers simply cannot buy a house without getting private mortgage insurance. PMI is applied to the outstanding principal when a borrower puts down a payment of less than 20%, and it generally lasts until the loan-to-value (LTV) ratio drops below 80%. If a borrower tries to calculate private mortgage insurance premiums for their loan, they will soon realize that it is expensive, so they should try to avoid PMI as much as possible. If a borrower already has private mortgage insurance, there are ways for a borrower to stop paying for it.
Private mortgage contracts, just like mortgage terms are fixed and need to be renegotiated once the current private mortgage insurance expires. The length of a single private mortgage insurance contract is usually 1 year, but it can be as short as 6 months and as long as 3 years. Generally, private mortgage insurance companies offer multiple terms to fit the largest number of borrowers. This flexibility in term lengths is due to the fact that most mortgage lenders do not require private mortgage insurance once the LTV on the loan reaches 80%, which is equivalent to putting a down payment of 20%.
It is important to note that private mortgage insurance companies may also provide different rates for different term lengths even if the financial situation of the borrower does not change. For example, if a borrower gets private mortgage insurance for 1 year, they may have a better rate if they got private mortgage insurance for 6 months. Generally, mortgage insurance companies prefer issuing longer-term insurance because it provides a larger payoff for a similar amount of work. A borrower who is not planning to surpass the LTV ratio of 80% on their mortgage any time soon, should opt in for longer-term private mortgage insurance to save some money down the road. Getting a short-term PMI is worth only when a borrower is close to lowering their LTV to below 80%. Once the borrower reaches the LTV of less than 80%, their lender may not require PMI anymore. This means that the borrower does not have to pay PMI premiums once LTV is below 80%. For example, if a borrower expects their LTV to be below 80% in 6 months, they may be better off getting private mortgage insurance for 6 months rather than for 1 year.
It is never in the interest of a borrower to pay PMI premiums because it does not protect them, but it protects the lender. Private mortgage insurance can also be very expensive and range from 0.5% to 1.5% of the outstanding principal. For example, if a borrower gets a PMI at a rate of 1% on a mortgage with the outstanding principal of $500,000, the borrower would have to pay $5,000 extra to cover the annual cost of insurance. Even though some people may find enough cash to put a down payment of 20%, many people who cannot cover such a large down payment, are required to get private mortgage insurance that adds up to their expenses.